Chinsinsi cha kafukufuku ndi kupanga mphira wa silikoni ku China - dimethyldiethoxysilane

Basic otentha vulcanized silikoni mphira

China idayamba kufufuza ndikupanga mphira wosaphika wa kutentha wotenthedwa (wotchedwanso kutentha wochiritsa) mphira wa silikoni kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950.Sipanachedwe kwambiri padziko lapansi pomwe China idayamba kufufuza mphira wa silicone.Chifukwa cha ntchito yachitukuko ikufunika kuchuluka kwa ma hydrolysates apamwamba kwambiri a dimethyldichlorosilane (omwe amapeza octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, kapena DMC); Dimethyldichlorosilane yoyera, ndipo sikokwanira kuyesa kupanga zopangira zopangira mphira wa silikoni octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.Pakufunikanso zothandizira zoyenera pakutsegulira kwa mphete, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. kupanga mafakitale a methylchlorosilane ndizovuta kwambiri, kotero ogwira ntchito zaluso zamayunitsi oyenera ku China adalipira ndalama zambiri ndipo adakhala nthawi yayitali.

Yang Dahai, Shenyang Chemical Research Institute, etc. anapereka zitsanzo za mphira wa silikoni wokonzedwa kuchokera ku dimethyldichlorosilane wodzipangira yekha mpaka chaka cha 10 cha tsiku la dziko.Lin Yi ndi Jiang Yingyan, ofufuza a Institute of chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nawonso anachita chitukuko cha methyl silikoni mphira oyambirira kwambiri.M'zaka za m'ma 1960, mayunitsi ambiri adapanga mphira wa silicone.

Pokhapokha atachita bwino kaphatikizidwe kachindunji kwa methylchlorosilane pabedi logwedezeka, zida zopangira kaphatikizidwe ka mphira ya silicone yaiwisi zitha kupezeka.Chifukwa kufunikira kwa mphira wa silikoni ndikofunikira kwambiri, kotero pali mayunitsi ku Shanghai ndi North China kuti ayambe kupanga mphira wa silikoni.Mwachitsanzo, Shanghai Chemical Research Institute ku Shanghai amaphunzira kaphatikizidwe ka methyl chlorosilane monomer ndi kufufuza ndi kuyesa mphira wa silikoni;Chomera chamankhwala cha Shanghai Xincheng ndi chomera cha utomoni cha Shanghai chimaganizira kaphatikizidwe ka mphira wa silikoni momwe amapangira.

Kumpoto, bungwe la Research Institute of Jihua kampani, lomwe ndi gawo lamakampani opanga mankhwala ku China, likuchita nawo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mphira wopangira.Pambuyo pake, bungwe lofufuza lidakulitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha rabara ya silikoni motsogozedwa ndi Zhu BAOYING.Palinso mabungwe opanga mapangidwe ndi zopangapanga mu kampani ya Jihua, yomwe ili ndi mgwirizano wabwino woyimitsa kamodzi kuti apange dongosolo lathunthu kuchokera ku methyl chlorosilane monomer kupita ku rabara yopangira silikoni.

Mu 1958, gawo la organosilicon la Shenyang Chemical Research Institute lidasamukira ku Beijing Chemical Research Institute yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kumene.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, Shenyang Chemical Research Institute inakhazikitsa organosilicon Research Office motsogozedwa ndi Zhang Erci ndi inu Qingxuan kuti apange organosilicon monomer ndi rabara ya silikoni.Malinga ndi malingaliro a Bungwe Lachiwiri la Unduna wa Zamankhwala, Shenyang Chemical Research Institute idachita nawo ntchito yopanga mphira wa silikoni mu Research Institute of Jilin Chemical Company.Chifukwa kaphatikizidwe wa mphira silikoni umafunikanso vinilu mphete, kotero Shenyang Chemical Research Institute kwa synthesis wa methylhydrodichlorosilane ndi ena othandizira organosilicon monomers.

Gulu loyamba la mphira wa silicone ku Shanghai ndi "njira zozungulira"

Mu 1960, kampani yapulasitiki ya Shanghai Chemical Viwanda Bureau idapatsa Xincheng chomera chamankhwala ntchito yopanga mphira wa silicon wofunikira mwachangu ndi makampani ankhondo.Chifukwa mbewuyo ili ndi chloromethane, mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera ku organosilicon yaiwisi, imakhala ndi mikhalidwe yopangira methyl chlorosilane, mphira wa silicon.Xincheng chemical plant ndi kafakitale kakang'ono ka anthu ndi anthu wamba, komwe kuli akatswiri aukadaulo awiri okha, Zheng Shanzhong ndi Xu Mingshan.Iwo adazindikira zinthu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo pantchito yofufuza za mphira ya silikoni, imodzi ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa dimethyldichlorosilane, inayo ndi yophunzirira njira yopumira komanso kusankha chothandizira.Panthawiyo, organosilicon monomers ndi intermediates anali oletsedwa ndi oletsedwa ku China.Pa nthawi imeneyo, zili dimethyldichlorosilane mu synthesis wa methylchlorosilane monoma zoweta analimbikitsa bedi anali otsika, ndi imayenera distillation luso anali asanakwaniritsidwe, kotero kunali kosatheka kupeza ambiri chiyero apamwamba dimethyldichlorosilane monoma monga yaiwisi. zinthu za mphira silikoni.Chifukwa chake, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito dimethyldichlorosilane yokhala ndi chiyero chochepa chomwe chingapezeke panthawiyo kuti akonze zotumphukira za ethoxyl ndi alcoholysis.Mtunda pakati pa kuwira kwa methyltriethoxysilane (151 ° C) ndi kuwira kwa dimethyldiethoxysilane (111 ° C) pambuyo pa mowa woledzera ndi waukulu, ndipo kusiyana kwa mfundo yowira kumakhala 40 ° C, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kupatukana. dimethyldiethoxysilane yokhala ndi chiyero chachikulu imatha kupezeka.Kenako, dimethyldiethoxysilane anali hydrolyzed kuti octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (methyld4).Pambuyo kugawa, chiyero chachikulu cha D4 chinapangidwa, chomwe chinathetsa vuto la mphira wa silicone.Amatcha njira yopezera D4 kudzera m'njira zosalunjika za alcoholysis "machitidwe ozungulira".

Kumayambiriro kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mphira wa silikoni ku China, panalibe kumvetsetsa kwa kaphatikizidwe ka mphira wa silikoni m'mayiko akumadzulo.Mayunitsi ena anayesa ndi akale mphete kutsegula chothandizira monga sulfuric acid, ferric kolorayidi, zotayidwa sulfate, etc. Ndiye, chothandizira otsala ali mazana a masauzande a maselo kulemera yaiwisi silika gel osakaniza osambitsidwa ndi madzi osungunuka pawiri wodzigudubuza, kotero izo ndi njira yosafunikira kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito chothandizira chotseguka.

Zheng Shanzhong ndi Xu Mingshan, othandizira osakhalitsa omwe amamvetsetsa zapadera, amaganiza kuti ili ndi malingaliro ake komanso chikhalidwe chapamwamba.Sizingangowonjezera ubwino wa mphira wa silikoni, komanso zimachepetsanso ntchito yokonza pambuyo.Panthaŵiyo, maiko akunja anali asanagwiritsiridwe ntchito kupanga mafakitale.Anaganiza zopanga tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide ndi tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide paokha, ndikuziyerekeza.Iwo ankaganiza kuti zoyambazo zinali zokhutiritsa kwambiri, choncho ndondomeko ya polymerization inatsimikiziridwa.Kenako, mazana a kilogalamu a mphira wowonekera komanso wowoneka bwino wa silikoni adapangidwa kudzera pazida zodzipangira zokha komanso zopangidwa.Mu June 1961, Yang Guangqi, mkulu wa Bungwe lachiwiri la Unduna wa Zamankhwala, adabwera ku fakitale kuti adzawonedwe ndipo anali wokondwa kwambiri kuwona zida za mphira za silikoni zoyenerera.Ngakhale mtengo wa rabara wopangidwa ndi njirayi ndi wokwera kwambiri, mphira wa silikoni womwe ukhoza kupangidwa mochuluka umachepetsa kufunika kofunikira panthawiyo.

Fakitale ya utomoni ya Shanghai, motsogozedwa ndi Shanghai Chemical Viwanda Bureau, idakhazikitsa bedi la 400mm m'mimba mwake ku China kuti lipange ma monomers a methyl chlorosilane.Inali bizinesi yomwe imatha kupereka ma monomers a methyl chlorosilane m'magulu panthawiyo.Kenako, kuti imathandizira chitukuko cha silikoni makampani Shanghai ndi kusintha mphamvu ya silikoni, Shanghai Chemical Bureau ophatikiza Xincheng mankhwala chomera ndi Shanghai utomoni chomera, ndipo anapitiriza kuchita mayeso mosalekeza kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko chipangizo cha kutentha vulcanized silikoni. mphira.

Bungwe la Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau lakhazikitsa msonkhano wapadera wopanga mafuta a silikoni ndi kupanga mphira wa silikoni ku fakitale ya Shanghai.Shanghai utomoni fakitale wakhala bwinobwino mayesero opangidwa mkulu vacuum kufalitsa mpope mafuta, zigawo ziwiri kutentha vulcanized silikoni mphira, phenyl methyl silikoni mafuta ndi zina zotero, amene oletsedwa ndi mayiko akunja.Fakitale ya resin ya Shanghai yakhala fakitale yokwanira yomwe imatha kupanga mitundu yambiri yazinthu za silikoni ku China.Ngakhale mu 1992, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa masanjidwe mafakitale ku Shanghai, Shanghai utomoni fakitale anasiya kupanga methyl chlorosilane ndi monomers ena, ndipo m'malo anagula monomers ndi intermediates kupanga zinthu kumtunda.Komabe, fakitale ya resin ya Shanghai ilinso ndi gawo losatha pakupanga ma organosilicon monomers ndi zida za organosilicon polima ku China.